A year ago, Kazakhstan held extraordinary elections for the Mazhilis of Parliament and maslikhats, marking the final stage of the state's political system reboot. Political expert Erlan Akhmedi shared his insights on the significance of these elections and the concept of rational democracy in Kazakhstan.
The history of parliamentarism in Kazakhstan has evolved through different stages. The country's new Constitution in 1995 established a bicameral Parliament, emphasizing the role of the National Mazhilis. As part of the extensive political reform program in 2022, the Parliament's role has been strengthened to become a truly influential branch of power.
The elections for the Senate and Mazhilis last year transitioned theory into practice, showcasing the changes in the country's highest representative body. The mixed electoral system allowed for a more diverse representation in the lower house of Parliament, fostering a competitive political platform.
President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev's goal of forming a competitive political landscape has led to noticeable changes in Kazakhstan's political climate. New political parties have emerged, including those with clear opposition platforms, along with independent activists shaping up as politicians, setting a positive tone for the future.
The concept of "rational democracy" is taking shape in Kazakhstan, characterized by balanced decision-making in both domestic and foreign policies. This approach aims to establish a new political system that could serve as a model for defining the notion of rational democracy.
The implementation of a 30% quota for youth, women, and people with disabilities in the Mazhilis is seen as a justified measure at the current stage of development, promoting inclusivity in political participation. However, it is believed that such quotas may lose relevance in the future as equal political opportunities for all citizens become the norm.
The reforms in governance and the interaction between branches of power have been guided by the formula of "Strong President – Influential Parliament – Accountable Government." These transformations have led to a more balanced system with checks and balances, akin to advanced democracies worldwide.
Kazakhstanis are becoming more politically engaged, signaling a positive shift towards a more politically conscious nation. The ongoing democratization process in the country encourages active participation in shaping the country's future, fostering open discussions on various topics that were previously considered taboo. This progressive approach is expected to yield fruitful results in the long run.
